Atmosphere

NASA discovers evidence of Mars' ancient CO2-rich atmosphere in Gale Crater

Discovery suggests Mars once had a CO2-rich atmosphere and conditions suitable for life.

 Gale Crater. Illustration.
 The tundra is now a global carbon emitter. Cladonia stellaris growing in thin soil over rocks.

The Arctic tundra was a carbon sink. Now it contributes to global emissions

 Pre-industrial world. A lot cooler.

How much cooler was the pre-industrial world? New study sets quantitative benchmark

 Ice clouds.

New study: microplastics in the atmosphere can influence formation of ice clouds